Overview:

 

A spinal fracture occurs when a bone is broken in the spine. 

 

Causes:

 

There are many causes of fractures from car accidents to a fall. However, if someone has weak or deteriorating bones from a preexisting condition such as osteoporosis, even an abrupt hard twist can break a bone in the spine.

 

Symptoms:

 

Cervical fractures occur in the neck area of the spine while lumbar fractures occur in the lower back. 

​

In lumbar fractures, symptoms may be limited to pain, swelling, and bruising. However, individuals may also experience:

• Muscle spasms in the lower back

• Lower back pain

• Limited mobility with any range of motion

• Trouble standing or walking

• Numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the buttocks, thighs, calves, ankles, feet, and toes

• Rarely, with catastrophic injuries, can result in paralysis, as well as loss of bowel and bladder function

 

Diagnosing:

​

To diagnose a fracture, X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be obtained.  Treatment for fractures varies by the severity of the injury. 

​

Treatment:

​

Minor fractures can be treated wearing a collar or a brace for a few weeks. More complex fractures resulting in instability of the spine or in neurological deficits will likely require surgery.